Next, the VLS concave blazed grating is fabricated via our vacuum nanoimprinting system, where a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp is non-uniformly expanded to form the varied-line-spacing pattern from a planar commercial grating master (600 g/mm) for precision imprinting. Simulations have been performed in ZEMAX to confirm the results, indicating a 15% enhancement in system resolution versus common constant line-space (CLS) gratings. Parametric models have been established to deterministically link the system performance with the VLS grating design parameters, e.g., groove density, line-space varying rate, and to minimize the system footprint. The key component in the spectrometer is a custom-printed varied-line-space (VLS) concave blazed grating, where the groove density linearly decreases from the center of the grating (530 g/mm) at a rate of 0.58 nm/mm to the edge (528 g/mm). We present the modeling, design and characterization of a compact spectrometer, achieving a resolution better than 1.5 nm throughout the visible spectrum (360-825 nm).
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